A mixed band of Miniconjou Lakota and Hunkpapa Sioux, led by Chief Spotted Elk, sought sanctuary at Pine Ridge after fleeing the Standing Rock Agency, where Sitting Bull had been killed during efforts to arrest him. authorities' attempt to repress this movement eventually led to the Wounded Knee Massacre on December 29, 1890. Stronghold Table-a mesa in what is today the Oglala-administered portion of Badlands National Park-was the location of the last of the Ghost Dances. Pine Ridge is the site of several events that mark milestones in the history between the Sioux of the area and the United States (U.S.) government. The 2000 census population of the reservation was 15,521 but a study conducted by Colorado State University and accepted by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development has estimated the resident population to reach 28,787. Only 84,000 acres (340 km 2) of land are suitable for agriculture.

Of the 3,142 counties in the United States, these are among the poorest. The reservation encompasses the entirety of Oglala Lakota County and Bennett County, the southern half of Jackson County, and a small section of Sheridan County added by Executive Order No. Today it consists of 3,468.85 sq mi (8,984 km 2) of land area and is one of the largest reservations in the United States. in the southwest corner of South Dakota on the Nebraska border. Originally included within the territory of the Great Sioux Reservation, Pine Ridge was created by the Act of March 2, 1889, 25 Stat. state of South Dakota, with a small portion in Nebraska. The Pine Ridge Indian Reservation ( Lakota: Wazí Aháŋhaŋ Oyáŋke), also called Pine Ridge Agency, is an Oglala Lakota Indian reservation located almost entirely within the U.S.

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